Interlocking switch and signal system.



E x PosT; INTERLOUKING $WITGH AND SIGNAL SYSTEM. APPLIUATIO'N FILED JULY29. 1908.

923,702. Patented June 1,1909.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

vwentor E. K. POST. INTBRLOGK'ING SWITCH AND SIGNAL SYSTEM.

' APPLICATION FILED JULY 29. 1908. r 923,702. Patented June 1,1909.

SHEETS-SHEET 2.

attozmup E. K. POST.

INTERLOGKING swmm AND smmx. SYSTEM.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 29, 1908.

Patented June 1,1909.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

\ i f /0/ g x v 48 I02 I 49 i: 7 A

JLMM

E. K. POST. INTERLOOKING SWITCH AND SIGNAL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 29, 1908.

Patented June 1, 1909.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

v E. K. POST. INTERLOGKING SWITCH AND $IGNAL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 29. 1908. 923,702. Patented June 1, 1909. 6SHEETS-SHEET 5.

A ll 0 S IM);

E. K. POST.

INTERLOOKING SWITCH AND SIGNAL SYSTEM.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 29. 1908. 923,702., Patented June 1. 1909.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

ilhll f.

earns rn rns r eiei icia,

E'RNEST K. POST, OlWHARRISBURG PENNSYLVANIA.

4 Specification of Letters I- atent.

mzr'nnnocmne SWITCH AND sienAL siz's'rnni.

Patented June 1; 19 09;

Application filed July 29, 1908. V Serial No. 445,957.

' 10 and signals by which distinctive a vantages of the power Operatedsystems are Obtained with reater simplicity and ease of manipulation tan in the present mechanical systems.

A further. purpose of my invention is to 1-5 safeguard the use ofasingle mechanical lever for unlocking, throwing andloc'king a switch orsignal, rendering this practice safe.

A further pui ose of my inventionis to make useof han operatedcontrolling levers of extremely easy'throw in place of the lookingand'unlock ing levers normally used in a mechanical interlocking system,which lock-' ing levers, largely because of; the detector barsthrownthereby,a're the hardest leversv in the toWertothroW.

' A further pur ose of iny invention is to v tY Q ld, all use ofetectorbars.

, further purpose of my invention is to apply to mechanical systemselectric detector. looking similar to that now used on power systems, inorder to prevent unlocking and throwing of a switchwhile a train is uponit or upon ts track within fouling, distance.

. A. further purpose of my invention is to -elcc trically lock. andunlock a mechanical switch or signal controlling lever in the tower andthus to electrically control the movement of a mechanical switch orsignal lover, thus electrically and reliably performing the work of thedetector bai'.

A further purpose of mv invention is to 5 switch and signal throwingmake iiieclianica quicker by reducing the-energy required to operate,replacinga heavy locking lever by a distance in one direction ascompared with the prcsentlong throwlorwaid and back of the mechanicallocking lover.

A further purpose of my invention is to avoid the use of facingv pointlock levers.

A further purpose of my invention isto do awa with the independentintermediate memechanical interlocking switch or signal systerns.

A fui'tl'ier pur ose of my invention is to tran fer the mac me lockingof mechanical t1rns iron the operating levers to con-so tion ng levers,reducing the strain and conseeuently the size and practicallyeliminatingthe lost motion by more direct connectron;

A further pur ose of my invention is to reduce the num er of lockingrods in the interlocking machine and the cross locking thereof byeliminating theseparate locking levers previously requiringrepresentation there. i 7- A further purpose of my invention is toreduce the sp es in the tower required for the controlling and operatingmechanism of mechanical switch and signal systems Alurther pur ose of myinvention is to remove the mac iine looking for hand operatedinterlocking switch systems from direct action upon the mechanicalswitch or signal levers and their connections, thus reducing the size ofthe locking rods and cross lock ing. s

A further purpose of my invention is to permit the use of miniaturemachine locking etween operating levers or their controlling 'mechanismsfor mechanicallyoperated switch and signal systems.

A further purpose of my invention is to apply the machine inter-lockingsystem between levers, 1ndication magnets, quick switches and otherconnections normally used so in a tower in power interlocking systems.

'to the electric control ofmcchanical switch ine'ch anism.

A further purpose of my invention is to make use of the ininiz'iturcmachine interlocking,, circuit controllers, quick switches andindication magnets which have normally been used in the operationofpower inter- I 45 controlling lever and moving it but a shortchanical-coiinections between the tower and l the switch now normallyused for separately 5 locking and unlocking t e switch or signal inlocking, to the control of mechanically operated switches and signals,both as regards iii-t electric substitution for detector bars andindication lockingm A further purpose of my invention is to apply thepower type interlocking lever coin- 1) etc, normally used in the towerof a power,

interlockin switch and signal system, to the locking and releasing of amechanical switch or signal lever either i) direct connection thereto orthrough its link pgpther governing means.

fl furthcr purpose of' my ii'ivcution is to provide electricalcoiu'iections and mechanism for a mechanical switch or signal leverindicating the facial locking movement in normal and reverse positions.This is used as a lock upon tbs controlling lever.

A further purpose my invention is to avoid the. weakness of presentmechanical interlocking swiiich ind signal systcms, the

l possibility of is king thcsc svstcms in normal or reverse position wln the indication of the switch or signal lever shows the. reverse ornormal position.

A. further purpose of my invention is to avoid the incomplete raucasc oftho locking mechanism. sometimes occurring with the facing point locksused in mechanical iutcrlocking switch systems and to avoid also thedelay and expense oi obtaining and using extra thick pipe for thenicchanical switch throwing connections now required to protect againstbuckling oi the pipe in such cases.

A, further puriosc of 1. y invsution is to mechanically loc the link ofa mechanical switch or signal lover in, its {positions at the ever bymeans,

extremities of throw of the opcratsd from a powcratypc interlockinglover complete which acts as a controlling lever for tlic mechanicallover.

For the urpose of distinguishing between s m'tcli an 1. signal systemsin which the actual throwing of the switch is done by manrial labor fromthose in which the actual operation of the switch or signal, Whiledirected by the movement of a lever is actually eflccted by electricity,compressed air or other application of power through suitablcconnections valve movements formed, 1 have designated tbs former, thatis, the ac trial manual "throw, by tho term mechanical or mechanicallyoperated who their it refer to the manually operated lcvcr alone bywhich tho switch or signal is thrown, or to the on tirs system, or toother parts of the system than the manually opcrated lever, such as thoconnections of. the switch or signal so tbroim; and 'l have designatedthe latter 'systcm, that is the one making use of a source of po'tvcij'as electricity or compressed air, as power operated, and, refer therebyor by the term power either to the lever itself or to all or a portionof the system so included as may readily be seen by the contcxt. In theart as it at present exists the distinction between these two is clearand this is particularly true because of the (lillc1 out types of lever,connections and interlocking ordinarily used. Thus the mechanical leverordinarily used is of a long and owerful type operating over a quadrant,atchcd at each end of the quadrant by a latch which is s ringset and"which is relsased by a smal lever grasped Within the i band that graspsthe handle of the mechansaw/o2 ical lover; tho conncctions with thoswitch are formed by levers and pipes by moans of: which the throwing ofthe mechanical lcvcr actually produces the movement of thc switch orsignal; the machine locking used with the mechanical lever is composedof relatively largo bars capable of \vithstamb ing the strain that canbe brought upon the interlocking by the full arm or body throw of theoperator and these bars arc normally connected to the link mcchanism.lCvidently the term interlocking in the claims is broad enough to coverboth this interlocking and miniature interlocking unless one isspocilicallynamed or otherwise indicated by the context. T he powerlover on the other hand i a very short lever and is capablc ol opcratlonby hand or wrist movement. as opposed to arm or body movcmcnt. in mostofits forms it acts more directly upon its interlocking than in the caseof the mechanical lever, giving room {or loss lost motion, and it canmake use of very much smaller bars in thc interlocking system becausethey do not have to Withstand anywhere nearly much possible strain. T hopower lcvcr niakcs connections which cause some sourcc of power, asclcctricity or coinprcsscd fluid, to be applied to the actual physicalmovement of the switch or signal. is-relieved of the duty of physicallymoving the switch cl signal, the resistance to its movement is very muchless than that present in the mechanical lcvcr and tho shortcr leverageand smaller lcvcrs and miniature interlocking already rcl'crrcd to arcpcr1nissible. Most of the manufacturcrs of powcr machines have. takenadvantage of the smaller and more compact construction permissible tomakothc connection with the interlocking more direct than is tho case inthe standard mechanical intcrlocking. thus reducing lost molioir Theswitclurs and signals tlicmsclvcs uscd in tho powcr opcralion dillcrfrom the suillcbcs and signals uscd in thc nicchanical opcration in theapplication of the power lhcrcto, and in this Way only.

ln practical application to railway switch and signal work sonic powcrsystems have directly connected rotatable or sliding lovers, used forforming tbc councctions for the throw of the switch or signal, with theinterlocking mechanism, by moans of a rack or segment sccurcd to therotating shaft or by a cam groove in the sliding shaft; and thedct-cctor and release locking engage directly with a segment or plateupon the shaft by means of elctrically operated latches.

In what I have designated as the powertypo lever it is permissible tomake use of a lever having all or as many as may be desired of thecharacteristics of a power lever to which I have referredabovc, in sofar as concerns the rotatable, rocking or sliding char- As the. lover,tion of the'power lever insofar as its form,

operation and control are concerned, but differin g from this powerlever in that the actual cation and track circuit detector conditions mgpossible the use of a substantial duplica- I l l 1 operation of theswitch or signal is not effected by )ower set in motion by connectionsupon the ever itself as in the power systems but is delegated to amanually operated lever known here as a mechanical lever, The latter iscontrolled by the power type lever which permits but does not; cause themovo ment of the switch or signal. I recognize that the lever made useof in connection with this mechanical lever need not resemble thepresent recognized forms of power lever and that variations may be madenot only in the lever itself but in the interlocking to which it isconnected and in the detector and release locling thereof.

Each power-type lever is intended to be and preferably is most desirablyindividual to one mechanical lever and likewise each mechanical lever ispreferably individual to one controllinglever. This is particularlydesirable because of the advantage and in many cases necessity fordirect locking oi? the mechanical lever (through the lever itself or,its link) by the controlling lover. If there be not direct locking, eachsection of whatever indirect means is provided gives opportunity forlost motion and increases the cost and the space occupied. v i

if the controlling lever and mechanical lever be not individual each tothe other, one of the main advantages of my invention is lost in thatthe controlling lever ceases to be capable of being itself controlled bythe indiof the switch or signal which is to be thrown by the mechanicallever; i. a, the controlling lever wholly loscsits utility so faras thedc vice to be thrown by the mechanical lcvoris concerned and controlsinstead with respect to some outside separate and distinct mechanism orcondition only. Thus, for a mechanicalswitch lever, my controlling leveris primarily intended to control with. respect to the condition of thetrack (detector) or position of the switch and to take care of otherconditions and the position of other mechane isms, such, for example, assignals, through the interlocking connected with the controlling lever.Again, my mechanical lever where used for signal oieration is intendedprimarily to be controlledby its controlling lever with respect to theposition or condition of have had to choose between two the signal andthe position or condition of other mechanisms is taken care of throughthe interlocking of the controlling lover.

" Notwithstanding that-one ofthcmain advantagesof my invention may be solost if the controlling leverand mechanical lever do not bear the closeindividual relation which I have pointed out, some advantages of my inorwitha controlling lever, responding to the position or condition of agroup'of switches, for example, and governing a corresponding gboup ofmechanical levers. W iatever the arrangement, among the severalindicated above, and whether the entire advantage of my invention hethus attained or not, it is possible to secure a control of switch orsignal mechanical levers hitherto impossible, and to secure it with asingle system of interlocking and that miniature, permitting associationwith-power le' vers and interlocking therewith of safety and reductionof expense, space and complexity.

Where I have referred to the power lever complete, I indicate such alever has coni I ncctions for miniature interlocking, and such detectorvand release locking and quick switch control as may be necessary forits use, differing for switch and signal use in this, and which formsconnections which apply power to switch or signal operation. Vi herehave referred to power type interlocking lover coin lete, l indicate aover of such a general 0 laracter having connections for miniatureinterlocking, and, if necessary, for

indication and release locking and a quickswitch, but lacking theconnections hr which the )owcr is set in operati n. In neithcrcase dowish to be understood as specifying that the lever, the miniatureinterlocking with which it is to be connected, the detector locking, therelease looking or the standard tyies nor indeed need they be of anypresent nownand recognizedtypes provi ed they perform the same function,1 I do not purpose in this a plication covering or attempting to covertlie variousnietln ods of or apparatus now known for the control of aground switch lever in which mechanism within the tower is made torelease a check or stop at a designated switch which is then fine to bethrown by hand. I

In the'use of interlocking switches and signals the railway companies ofthe country systems. One of these, the power system, involves thenecessity forinstallation of compression or other ower plants as well asthe distribution of'the operative parts overa considerwith in crease;

, quick switch need be of the present recognizedable area. All of theseoutside ofthe tower are necessarily somewhat exposed with the consequentopportunity for mechanical in jury and destruction, all at enormousexpense. The other, the mechanically operated, here called mechanical,interlocking switch and signal system has complete separate locking andoperating connections between the tower and the switch or signal, which.are unreliable be. f-itllSG of incomplete protection against failure tothrow, partial unlocking and wrongful locking. From the tower standpointthese mechanical switches and signals are cumbrous, occupy a great dealof space and are extremely diilicult to handle. One of the highest typesof power interlocking switch and signal system as recognized generallyby its use upon the most important railroads and terminals, comprises inits switch mechanism, which may be taken as typical of the mechanismuseful for throwing either switches or signals, a complete towerequipment of small controlling levers connected by miniature machineinterlocking and carries contact switches directly upon the lever shaftfor the control of the power operating mechanism, among them quickswitches, to switch the indication contacts to normal or reverseposition immediately after the lever passes the center of its throw ineither direction, and indication magnets preventing continuous completethrow of the lover in either direction and acting to release the lever,to permit completion of its movement in either direction, actuated by adetector track circuit and by the indication contacts made after thelocking at the extremities of normal and reverse throw of the switch.The quick switch is cilective to direct the current to the properindication magnet.

In close proximity to the track switch a motor is used, in theparticular form under description, a cylinder controlled by a slidevalve. Electrical connections controlled by the lever in the tower throwthe current upon a normal, reverse or locking electromagnet according asit .is desired to more the slide valve so as to move the switch tonormal or reverse position, and to lock or unlock the same.

The piston rod, moved by the piston in the cylinder, has some play ineither direction without eliecting movement of the switch, this playbeing made use of to lock and unlock the switch and, at the extremitiesof its movement in each direction, to make contacts for the indicationmagnets. The intermediate portion of the movement of the piston rodthrows the switch.

The prcsenttcndency toward placing the towers closer together andparticularly so in proximity to terminals is bringing a larger andlarger percentage of the switches and signals to be controlled withinthe physical reach (800 feet) of mechanical switches should they be madereliable in operation. in the best mechanical system in use at n'escnt,the switch is thrown by a large hand 1 lever, link locked at each end ofits movement, and by a system of intermediate levers and pipeconlwctions. A second separate lever in the tower and a second set oilever and pipe connections act upon one arm 01 a 1 three-arm bell crankbeside the track hose other two arms are connected respectively to thedetector bar which is operated by means of links or slides and to thelocking and un locking mechanism by which the switch is locked and heldin normal or reverso position. Should the switch tail to throw withmovement of the switch 0 )crating lever, as might occur through breakageor buckling ol the pipe, the locking mechanism would engage with thesame opening from which it had just been disengaged and the switch wouldbe locked in the original position while the lever in the tower wouldindicate the opposite position. No practical means has yet been appliedto mechanical interlocking switch or signal systems which reliablyguards against the failure oi all movement of the switch in suchinstances. Furthermore, in view oi the lost motion, sepa rateconnections from the mechanical locking and unlocking lc\"ers, thislever has sometimes bccn thrown without looking the switch.

The use of the detector bar is quite unsatisfactory and is growing moreso. The rail heads are getting wider and wider while the wheel faces areremaining the same. The detector bar is necessarily on the outside ofthe rail. The rails may be worn and where the train hugs the other railat the time the wheel faces may fail. to reach. the detector bar.Sliding of the rails laterally under strain has a similar ell'ect. Thedetector bars, now required to be oi fifty feet length, make the lockingand unlocking levers extremely hard to throw. The length of the cars isconstantly increasing. I Among signal engineers the fact that switchesfrequently thrown under trains by reason of the faihire of the detectorbar is notorious. Railroads have sought to protect against this by theuse of an electric lock which is, however, so unsatisfactory that theyhave been unable to omit the detector bars and have had to rely uponboth of these means for mechanical interlocking switches,notwithstanding that neither one is sure.

It further consists of other novel features ofconstruction, all; as willbe hereinafter fully set forth. I

v Figure 1 represents a view, "art in elevation, part p an and partiagrannnatic, showing a construction embodying one form of my invention.Fig. 2 represents a pertion of Fig. 1 in fragmentary end elevation.

Figs. 3 and 4 represent a portion of the structure set out in Fig. 1 indiflerent positions. Fig. 5 represents an end elevation, partly 'insection, showing various positions and portions of controllingmechanisms embodying my invention. Fig. 6 represents in detail section,a portion of-the controlling inecham" 18111111 Fig. 1. 10.

diagrammatic form, of t ecombination in the same board of thecontrolling and mterlocking mechanisms used by me and the operating andcontrolling mechanism used on a modern power interlocking system, thelevers being interpolated inthe same frame.

Fig. 11 shows an elevation of a power type machineinterlocking leverhaving a different direction of movement from that shownin the otherfigures but suitable'for use with interlocking systems. Fig. '12 showsan "ele vation of an interlocking controlling lever and mechanical leverapplied to the ,.opera tion of a signal.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in thefigures.

Referring to the drawings :1 designates a lever which I have illustratedas of a charac- I well known described.

described are normally horizontal though it Will be recognized that thedirection of the rod has nothing to do with the invention, or indeedwith the use of the power interlocking lever complete, a part of whichhas just been The portion 6, which I have shown asa continuation of therod 2, may be in line therewith, or at any angle thereto and is quitefrequently vertically disposed in relation thereto, for economy of spaceor other convenience. locking systems are normally located switchesknown as circuit controllers of which I make use of two, 7 and 8-respectively. It also carries quick switches 9 and 10, which are in theart and which move together, wliich I have, therefore, not illustratedin great detail. in Fig.

The iixed contacts coo mating with these switches are two in numlier foreach switch and I have designated them as 11, 12, 13, 14, 1b, 16; 17andlR respectively. Preferably upon the same shaft 6 are locatedquadrants 19 and 20 of the well known type, having Upon itin powerinter- These are best seen segments or lugs 21, 22 and 23, 24respectively for engagement with the upper and.

lower members 25 and 26 of indication latches mounted upon armaturestems 27 oi armature 28. The parts are alike for each oftheseiinlication magnets and this dcscrip tion will, therefore, sullice.

'l he operation of the power intcrlockim lever complete is so well knownthat it will not be necessary to describe it in detail further than tosay that the reverse and normal indication magnets operate alternatelyto p'e'r- .mit movement of the lever in the two direc tions initiallyand at the limit of movement and that the quick switch acts as adistributconnected by means of the other switches.

mg switch for the circuits which areto be Applying'this power typeinterlocking lever, I

complete to my. inventionmfvhile I have preferred to use a positiveme'chanically'open ated stop betweenthis power type interlock-ingle vercomplete and my hand lever I recognize that an electrically operatedstop might 'bemade use of in a great variety of forms, for example ofthe type of the indicationmagnet, using a quadrant upon the end of thelink or by an electrically operated plunger fitting into apertures'in, asegment end of link with or without indication to show the engagementof'the electricdock. The electrical connections in such case would bemade very simple by switches of the type shown at 7, 11, 12. However, Iprefer-to make use of the mechanically operated lock and will describeat this point one form of this lock; that illustrated in Fig. 1 in oneposition; and in other positions in Figs. 3 and 4. I make use of segment29 upon the rod 2, or any extension or connection'therewith, operatingupon a rack or rod 30 which is shown guided at 31 and terminating at 32ina thread. This is connected to a lug 33havin pivotal connection at 34with a double with and arms 36 and 37 for engagement with the faces 38and 39 of an aperture formed in extension 40 of link 41, saidlink'41.being otherwise ofthe general type used-in con-' nection withmechanical lever and attached to rock about pivot 42 to permit thepassage therein of a slide'43 droppe 44 and '45, at theextremities of aquadrant segment 46 about which the lever 47 moves.

d into the offsets The connections of slide 43 are attached to a,

rod 48 spring-pressed at 49 and controlled-by hand latch 50. I 1

In Figs. 1 and 2 the switch i's-shown in normal position which in theseviews corresponds to the ri hthand position of lever 1.

Fig. 4 shows t e mechanical lever, link and.

locking thrust extension 40 in reverse position while in Fig. 3 themechanical lever is 4 shown in normal position, but with the thrust lockhell crank out ofen agement with-the locking extension 40. T is is theposition just before the lever i has been sent home to its finalposition and corresponds to the position of the parts at the finalrelease of the rod 2 by the corresponding indication magnet.

Referring to Fig. 1 and tracing the move ment of the track operatingparts and position of the circuits, which are shown con ventionnlly, asare various other ol the parts used in carrying out my invention, 51desig natesa'lug pivoted at 52 to the extension of the mechanitml levershown as pivoted at point 53. A rod 54 connects lug, 5'}. to a slide 55hearing the switch lockingmeans and suitably guided so as to give astraight line movement. It will he understood that the connections whichI have indicated are conventionalisins merely and that in fact therewould. ordinarily be various clninges or" direction interposed betweenthe mechanical lever and the slide.

The slide 55 carries oppositely directed pins 56 and 57 which perform 1ching function at the extremities of the movement of the slide, engagingwith the apertures 58 and 5%), respectively, in the transversely movablelocking rod 80 suitably guided and movable with the connection 61 whichis attached to the movable points 62 and 63 of the switch. A stud 64-,during; the locking movement, at each extremity of stroke moves parallelwith one of the tacos 65 or 66 of an escapeinent crank 67 pivoted at 68.This escapenicnt crank is, however, itself rocked by stud 64 during thatportion of the movement of the slide 55 when unlocking and locking arenot tubing place. The stud has acted nierclji as a bar to our uncut ofthe cscapeincnt by tom-hing one face as (35 thereof, thou parallel toits line of movement, until the slide passes the unlocking position,when it ac tively engages with the escapeinent and throws it to theposition where the other face, as 66 is parallel to the line of moveincnt. The escapement rocks between these two limits defined by parallelismof the two faces, one at each limit with the. slide, this.

rocking being controlled absolutely by the stud which. prevents suchmovement except when it is; causiin, the same. The movement of theescapement crank causes movement of the switch points by'ineans of rodand bar 70. The final. .rnoveinent of the slide in ea cli directionmakes contacts be tween 72 and 73 or 74 and 75 by means of block 71,insulated from the slide.

A dit'l'erencc of potential is normally maintained between the trackrails by means of battery 76 and the insulation 77 of rails about theswitch. This is effective to cause current to pass through the magnet 78hold ing armature 7?? closed a. switch to unite the parts 8() and 81 ofa circuit containin' battery 82. The difference of potential is reducedand the switch armature at 79 is indicated.

opened when the rails are. short eireuited by the presence of a trainupon any portion of the tracll hin the section to he proto. This trackrelay and short circuit opera i to talic the place of :1. detector bur,is of course well known, as also are the as. of a slide and lockingmints and contacts but they have not previously been uvnilniilc end so!viccnble tor rucchanicnl switch operation. in the position shown inFigs. l and the lever is in noituud postion. in operation it is thrownto the middle position putting the double brli crnnh in the you 1' herethe arm Z 7 in Fig. I), i'

further more 40, and .'-.'iic.='e nrin S lil there the quit-l; with 15at. N and it; connected. "this i; itinl mm'cnicut cannot takeplace unto:the proper indicniion naggnet #15 or e is ene'u'ized. Y circuits aredriven, the i would have to be cncr 4' l Ii no nucleon-d,

insuring, freedom of tract. Home patiou.

In the circuit him have snot-cu contacts :2 "it c to Ed while contacts73 and j levied by wires and 38 with l'rrHshr-s V i :l .l Connection hi)to ll and lo are coninw-ied til) is branclmd nt 5 whose coniplemw'tr'with the indie: with the former a to IR, and [5 l6. he switches are er-yas.

elm coni'iected :1

0: inc moi: a 54 5! c. I, A

and redocln.

lever I, lliliz'li iercr is free tn be operated and n iron; nocnnd t E,which l. switch levers,

. the way. ihm

prefer to must now ti is, to its reverse ilk shown at the right in Fig.5. "final movement of the lever 1 is not possibie uni he slide 55 bur-zcompleted movement to tot-hing; position as it depends uncn connectionsi'nade between the 2' 2 and 75 by means of block '71.

Yi ith the on" shown and Eerie: completion. of t e t 74 and 75 the leverto position.

A further chcci trolling iever hey: ists in the i boil crank ear sitiorishown in. Eess the mech.

switch in the position middle pii sitlon the met 51%} and permitshcyoi'id the middle the double in the pn in race 85 nnentirely over inbetween contacts to be given corresponding to the switch calthe partsand t e movement of't e. lever 1 and mechanical lever 47' from reverseto switches, signal controllin particular form of connection between theing openings 109 and 1.10 and guided at 111 is subjcct tot I throwingthis lever, in this case because of the staggerin of the pins.

.an operating lever for a power system and levers 99, 100 may beany ofte types which switch lever there shown is only one of many in its-top aguide for the'moveniont of the rod ed uponarm 105 and secu'redto rotatewith the reverse position and the latch has been dropped to permit thelink to raise to its extreme position. I g

A movement of the lever 1 beyond the middle position throws the quickswitch, locks the mechanical lever and releases lockingin the lockingframe to permit the signal tion. The completion of this throw 0 themechanical lever places the parts in the same position, except that itis reversed, as that previously oceu led in the normal osition' ofnormal is a repetition of themovement from normal .to-reverse, usingcorresponding other connections.

InFig. 5 I have shown lever rods 93 and 94 for switch operation, one acontrolling lever for a mechanical switch lever, and the other I haveindicated, switch controllin for mechanical switches, switch operating"or power for mechanical signals or signal operating or power signals.

In order to indicate very elearly that the controlling leverof Fig. 1and the mechanical mechanical forms as well as the electrical formswhich can .be used, I have shown two, other forms, onein Figs. 7 and 8and-the other in Fig. 9. Taking u the form in Figs. 7 and 8, I may pivota red as 101', or otherwise'attach itito the end of a link 102 making 2.Thus I mayfform atransverse slot 103 the einfperrnitting travel, of apin 104 mountrod 2, until the lever 1 reaches the middle position whenthe lever 47 must be thrown and latched to rdck the link102 until pin104 has traversed slot 106 and can be turned into slot 107 to completethe movement of lever 1. In the form sho wn in Fig. .9 a rod 108havconnected as at 112 to move with the lever 47. The pins 1.13, 114engage with the several openings to lock the operatin lever in itsseveral osi'tionsq- This form iIso is not lie possibility of relockingwithout In Fig. 10 have illustrated the use side by i side with the samemachine interlocking, of a controlling lever 1 and rod 2 withconnections for controlling a mechanical. lever by means ofa connection30 wide power operating lever and connections which I have illustrated.conventionally and in which the switch 115 is thrown by an air cylinderand, piston whose valve is'worked bymagnets 116,117 and locked by magnet118 energized by;connections 1,18, 119,120, the same protection beingha'd by track circuit detec'tor magnet 121 and indication or releaselocking magnets 122, 123 and their connec, tlons as has already beendescribed. The same interlocking machine 18 shown in use having lockingbars 124, 125 and cross locking 126 for the lever 1 withits rod 2 asfor" lever 127 and its rod 128.

In Fig' 11 I have shown a lever 129 of the longitudinally movable typeof well known use having lock operating slot 130 and the 8.?

usual lugs 131-, 132, 133 or any suitable arrangement ot'these parts. Ihave illustrated here one form ofconnection b which the v leversmay belocked together andimproper movement prevented. The rod, 1.34

line with pin 136 or aperture 137' in linewith P111 138, but not topermit pin 136 to engage in aperture 137 nor pin 138 to engage inaperture 135 because of the staggering of the pins. The rod 134 isguidedat 139.

In 12 I have-shown a lever 140 moving rod 141 having interlocking 142,indication magnet 143an'd any suitable contacts 144,-

145 to engage with rings upon insulation 146,

the mating'contacts not being here shown. I have illustratedthis inorder to bring out the utility ofsuch a controlling lever for use inconnectionwith a si nal operating mechanical lever'and have s iown thesame con:

nection between the rod 141. and lever 47 as in Fig. l'by segment 29,rod 30 guided at 31 and the stop for the link extension shown. I haveconnected lever 47 by rod 147 with a conventional means for throwing asignal 148 through bell lever 149' and rod 150.

It will be understood that my illustration. of the various forms oi"locks shown, the severa] movements of lovers to which myinvem tion' ishere adapted, and the combinations by whiehl amnble to make use ofcontrol ling levers for mechanical switches or signals or both, in thesame interlocking combinations as power operating levers for-switchesand signals, andthat permissibly miniature,

is for the purpose of showing the independence of my broad idea of these(inferences as well as for the purpose of showing those meritoriousforms of my invention,

Where I refer in the claims to switch or signal and kindred expressionsit will be un- I derstood that Iam including also structures where bothoccur, and a switch or signal in is 90 i moved by the link to bringaperture in i by the mechanical low r to lock unlock and therefor, and amechanical lever and conncc-' l tions for the other switch rising thesome miniature interlocking.

3. In an interlocking switch or signal systern, a power interlockinglever complete with its connections and embodying miniature machineinterlocking, in. combination with a power type interlocking lever,making use, of the same miniature machine interlocking, and a mechanicallever and connections controlled by the power type interlocking lever.

4. In an interlocking switch system, a power interlocking lever completewith switch connections, miniature machine interlocking, electricaltrack circuit detector looking, indication locking and power switchoperation, in. combination with a power type interlocking levercomplete, having electrical track circuit detector and indicationlocking, making use of the said miniature machine interlocking, and emechanicalswitch lever and connections.

5. In: an interlocking switch system, a power interlocking levercomplete and mechine interlocking, electrical track. circuit detectorand indication locking, in combination witl'i a power type interlockinglever complete, also having electrical track circuit detector andindication locking using the same machine interlocking, at mechanicallever, switch connections therefrom, and a lock for said mechanicallover controlled by the position of the power type interlocking lever.

In an interlocking switch system, a power interlocking; lover andconnections complete, embodying: miniature int erlockiug, electricaltrack detector zmd indication locking and power switch operation incombination. with a power type inlerltni-kingr lever, using the samemachine interlocl-ring us the power interlocking lever, and lcr-l'ricnl1 rock circuit detector and indication hacking tlicre for, mechanicallover, a lock for the hand ievcr at each end of its throw, :1 slidemoved throw the s *itvll and niche the indication connections, oini.means p('l':li('(l h the power tyne le er i'o'r setting the lock in themechanncl lever.

7. In an interlocking switch systennn pair of interlocking levers,electrical track circuit detector control for each, electricalindication looking for each, common machine intorlocking for the twolovers, two switches, 11. power switch opcrnl inn mcclmuisin operated byone of said levers, and a mcclmuicnl switch operating mechanismconlrollod by the other said lever.

8. In an interlocking switch system, a power type controlling lever,truck circuit detector locking therefor, indication locking therefor, aninterlocking nmchinc connected tl'ierewith, and a mechanical switchlever dircctly controlled thereby.

9. In an interlocking switch system, a

power type controlling: lever, track circuit detector locking therefor,indication locking therefor, an interlocking mnchine connectedtherewith, a mechanical switch lever, :1 lock therefor, end a connectionbetween the lock and the controlling lever.

10. In an interlocking switch system, a power type controlling lever,truck circuit detector locking tluirclor, indication locking;

therefor, an interlockinnmachine connected therewith, a mechanicalswitch lover, a link therefor, a lock engaging the link at the cX-tremities of its oscillation, and a connection between the lock and thecontrolling lever.

11. In an interlocking switch system, a, controlling lover of the typeof the power interlocking switch or signal lever complete having trackcircuit detector and indication locking, machine interlocking connectedtherewith, a mechanical switch lover, a lock therefor, and a meclntnicalconnection between the controlling lever and the lock to lock the switchlever in either position and to revent complete movcmrnit olthecontrolling lever unless there has been movement of the switch lever.

12. In a device of the -ln1r1i -lcr described, a mechanical switch orsignal lover, an individual lock therefor, requiring movement of themechanical lever for complete movement of the look, a controlling; leverindividual. to the mechanical lever, and a conncction between thecontrollinglever and the lock.

13. In an interlocking switch or signal system, :1 controlling lever,machine intcrlocking thvretm, a mechanical switch or signal levercontrolled therefrom, electrical control for the controlling lover, alock for the mechanical lover, requiring full move-12o moved fully ineither direction without comlete movement and locking of the mechanicallever.

14. In an interlocking system, a controlling lever, electrical lockingtherefor dependent upon the condition of the track,

machine interlocking connected therewith,

system, a controlling lever, a lock connectedtherewith, a mechanicallever, and a block connected with said mechanical lever permittingpartial movement of the lock but preventing full movement of the lockuntil the mechanical lever has been fully moved.

16. In awswitch or signal system, a pair of levers, a block movable withone of said levers, a lock engaging with said block and capable oflocking and releasing movement without movement of said block, butincapable of complete 'inovement and relocking without movement of saidblock, and a connection between the lock and that lever not connectedwith the block.

17. In a switch or signal system, a plurality of levers, a rod operativewith movement of one of said levers, aT-crank movable with said rod, alink connected with the other of said levers, a slide operating in saidlink oscillating it at the beginning and looking in the extremities 'ofthe throw of said lever, and an extension of said link, having facesengaging respectively with two arms of the T-crank at theextremities ofthe rocking of the link, and faces engaging to prevent full movement ofthe T-crank exce )t at the extremities of the movement of the ink.

18. In a switch system, a mechanical switch lever, a switch movablethereby, con nections therebetween, a controlling lever, connectionsbetween the controlling lever and mechanical switch lever, requiringmovement of the controlling lever to permit movement of the switchlever, and a track circuit a detector lock for said controlling lever.

19. In a switch or si nal system, a switch or signal, a mechanical everand connections for throwing the same, alock for said me;

chanical lever, a controlling lever, connections from said controllinglever to said mechanical lever, and a track circuit detector lock forsaid controlling lever.

.20. A mechanically operated interlocking switch or signal systemcomprising a plurality of mechanical levers, latches and latch leversthciiel'or, switches or signals, connections between them andthe levers,a controlling lever for each mechanical lever and individual thereto,and machine interlocking governing the movement of the controllinglevers. i

21. A mechanically operated interlocking six itch or signal systemcomprising a single.

mechanical lever for throwing and locking each s itch or signal, a latchand latch lever for each mechanical lever, a controlling lever for eachmechanical lever and individual thereto, and an interlocking systenrlorthe controlling levers.

22. A mechanically operated switch or signal system comprising a singlemechanical lever for throwing and locking each switch or signal, latchand latch lever mechanism for each mechanical lever, the switches orsignals and connections thereto, a controlling lever for each mechanicallever, and an electrical track circuit detector lock for eachcontrolling lever.

A mechanical switch or si nal system comprising a single mechanica leverforthrowing and locking each switch ors'ignal, a controlling lever foreach mechanical lever, a connection between each controlling lever andits mechanical lever requiring partial movement of the controlling leverbefore permitting movement ol' the mechanical lever and requiringcomplete movement and locking of the mechanical lever before completionof movement of the controlling lever.

24. A mechanical switch or signal system comprising a single mechanicallever for throwing and locking each switch or signal, a controllinglever for each mechanical lever, a connection between each controllinglever and its mechanical lever requiring partial. movement of thecontrolling lever before permitting movement of the mechanical lever andrequiring complete movement and locking of the mechanical lever bel'orecomplete movement of the controlling lever, and a track circuit detectorlock for each controlling lever.

25. A mechanical switch or signal system 26. A mechanical switch systemcomprising the required switches, a single mec anical lever for lockingand throwing each switch, conm-ctions thercbetween, a controlling leverl or each mechanical lever, machine interlocking between the controllinglevers,

or signal, a mechanical lever and ronnrw lions been thronnand locked.

tom, a switch or signal lever l'or locking, un-

' rant a slide .in said link and upon said quanindi ation locking foreach controlling lever. and locking ci'mnections hetneen each ion- 1trollinglever and its mechanical lei-er.

ln 2'!) interlocking swit h and si-s'nal stein, a plurality of switchesor signals. a single inerlnmical lever and connections for thron inn;and lflt king; each switch or r.ignal. a. etnitrolling lever for eachinerhani al on-r. locking onnections between the c-nnf lling andmechanical levers. and lllll"lllll, int: r 1 lo king lie-tween thecontrolling l ers.

238. In a switch or signal SyrHPlll, a s\\ li"l\ therel'or, a linkrocking ahoni the kpzadrant ol' the lever, a slide engaging with theoxtremities ol' the quadrant to lo k the lever, a lock for said link. acontrolling lever, ron ertions between the controllingl-'.'-'\ er andthe i lock for the link, and nun-lime interlocking); l connected withsaid conti olling lever.

29. In a switch system, a switch, a mei chanical lever and connectionsfor locking, l unlocking and throwing the same. a locking mechanism forsaid mechanical lever, a lock i lor said locking mechanism, and means ineluding an indication circuit tor preventing I the operation ol' the lok until the s\\ itch has 30. In a snit h or signal system, a switch orsignal, a .nit-chanical lever and connections 1 for looking, unlocking:and throwing the same, a link, a slide locking the position. of themechanical lever, a lock for said link, and means upon said link lorpreventing its lo -ki ing until the mechanical ever has moved its entirethrow in one direction and the slide has locked the lever.

31. lo an interlocking switch or signal syslocking and throwing theswitch or signal, a quadrant l'or said lever, a link in proximity to theqi ailrant, a slide movin; in said link a nd engaging; the extremitiesof the quadrant to latch the same, aT-crank, means l or moving; said"i'crank, and a hlock connected to inove at the same time as the linkand carrying laces engaging witlrthe ends cl arms of the T-crank inapproximate line with the pivot point thereof when the link is in itsextreme positions and engaging with the sides of arms of the T-erank atintermediate positions of the link.

3l.- 1n a switch operating system, a switch, a mechanical lever andconnections for lockinn", unlocking and throwing the same, a i quadrantin ])l'UXll1llt to said mechanical lo ver, a link pivoted in proximityto said (pindrant to lock the same at ils c :tremities, a controllinglever, indication and track cir cuit locks for said lever, and a lockingcon nection between said controlling; lever and link permitting themovement of the lever to lock the link in either extremity ofthe'latters throw, but preventing complete move in a zjreement with theposition ol' the hill inc.

.nrchanism for the switch or signal.

:34. in a switch system, a snitch, a nae uhanical lever connectedtherewith. connew li ns tor Ulil( (l\lli1, l'lllOWlllg' and locking: the

same with movement ol the le\ er, a lock lor the lever, an auxiliar lockthereforv a coin trolling lever for the mechanical lever and :t switchindication. lock. for the controlling lever, preventing l'ull movementtheieol uni il the relocking is complete,

35. ln a switch or signal svstcm, anirchanical lever, a switch orsignal, connections hetween the lever and switch or signal foronlocking, throwing; and locking the same, a

lock for the lever an auxilia'r lock for the l lever look, a ;ontroilinlever o ierai nr said i n n auxiliary lock, and an electrical trackcircuit detector lock for said controlling lea er 36. in a switch andsignal system, a switch or signal, a mechanical lever and connectionsfor operating the same, a controlling; lever and connections for saidmechanical lever and individual thereto and a machine interlocking;connected with one of said leversv 37, in a switch or signal system, aswitch or signal, a mechanical lever and coiniections 'l'or operatingthe same, a lock l'or said mechanical lever, a direct thrust lock forsaid. lever lock, and a controlling; level lor moving said direct thrustlock.

38. in a switch system, a switch, a single mechanical lever forunlocking, throwing and locking; the some, a controlling lever,connections therefrom for controlling the move ment of the mechanicallever and indicai ion, and track circuit control for saidcontrollinglever,

39. In a switch and signal s stein, a switch or signal-La nieclntnicallever and connections for unlocking, tl'n'owing and lockiin, the same, acontrolling lever for controlling the movement of the mechanical lever,and track circuit detector locking means for said controlling lever.

40. in a switch and signal system, a switch or signal, a mechanicallever and connections for operating the same, a controlling lever,connections for controllim movement of the IllGU-l'llllllCitl lever,and, a liraok detector circuit for controlling the movement of the control ling lever.

4}. in a switch. system, a switch, a mechanical lever and connectionsfor unlocking,

too

controlling lever between extremities of the switch movement until thelocking of the switch is complete.

- 42. In a switch and signalsystem, a switch, a mechanical leverandconnections for throwing the same, asignal, a mechanical lever forthrowing the signal, a controlling lever each for the switch and signallevers, con

neotions between the controlling levers and the mechanicallevers, andcommon machine interlocking for the controlling levers.

4 3. In a switch and signalsystem, a switch, a mechanical lever andconnections for operating the same, a signal, amec-hanical lever andconnections for operating it, a controlling lever for each of themechanical levers, coin nections between the controlling levers and themechanical levers controlled thereby, cbmmon machine interlockingbctweenthe controlling levers, and electric protective control for bothcontrolling levers.

- 44. In a switch and signal system, a switch, a mechanical lever and.connections for throwing the same, a controlling lever for saidmechanical lever and individual thereto, asignal lever, a machineinterlocking common to the switch controlling and signal levers.

45. A mechanically operated switcl'i lever and connections, and acontrolling lever. therefor in combination with track circuitdetectorlocking mechanism for the controlling lever.

46. A switch, a mechanical throwing and locking lever and m han1sintherelor, a controlling lever itself governed by the position of theswitch, and electrical means for locking the controlling lever.

47. A switch, a locking, throwing and unlocking slide therefor,indication connections made at the extremities .of the movement of theslide, a mechanical lever and conne tions for o crating the slide, acontrolling lever and ocking mechanism for the controlling levercontrolled by the indication connections. 48. In a switch system, aswitch, a mechanical lever and connections for unlocking,

throwing and locking the same, a-rotatable controlling lever, indicationand'track circuit detector locking mechanism therefor, locking mechanismfor the mecl'ianical lever, intcrlocking mechanism connected with saidcontrolling lever,'and a mechanically operated lock for the leverlocking mechanism thrown by the controlling lever.

49. A mechanical interlocking switch or signal system comprising aplurality of mechanical levers, the switches or signals and connectionsto be operated by the mcchanr' ic-al levers, a rotatable controllinglover 'lor each mechanical lever and individual thereto, and miniaturemachine interlocking govcrning the movement of the controlling levers.

51. A mechanically operated switch or si'g-- nal system comprising asingle mechanically operated lever for operating each switch or signal,the switches or signals and connections thereto, a controlling lever foreach mcchzmical lever, and electrical indication. locking for eachcontrolling lever controlled by the position of the switch or signal somechanically operated.

52. A mechanical switch or signal system comprising a single mechanicallever for operating each switch or signal, a controlling lever loreachmechanical lever, moving in one direction onlyl'or complete movement ofthe mechanical lever in one direction, and a connection between eachcontrolling lever and its mechanical lever requiring partial movcmcntol' the controlling lever before permitting DlOVCIl'lQlllJ of themechanical lever and rcquirmg complete movement and locking of themechanical lever before complete movement in a. single direction of thecontrolling lever.

direction for the reverse movement of the mechanical lover, a connectionbetween each controlling lever and its n'iecl'ianlcal levcr requiringpartial. movement of the controlling lcver before permitting movement ofthe mechanical lever in either direction and requiring complete movementand looking of the mechanical lover before complete movementof thecontrolling lever, and an electrical track circuit detector lock foreach switch controlling lever.

54. A switch or signal, a mechanical lever for operating the same, alink and latch controlling the n'iovcment of said lever, a direct thrustlock for said link, a controlling lever, and means operated by thecontrolling lever for engaging the direct thrust lock with the link.

A mechanical interlocking switch. or signal system comprising a singlemechanical lever for operating each switch or signal, an individualcontrolling lever for each mechanical lever, and a miniatureinterlocking system for the controlling levers.

56, A mechanical interlocking switch or signal system comprising asingle mechanical lever for operating each switch or si 'nal, anindividual powcr type controlling lever" for each mechanical lever, andan interlocking system for the controlling levers.

"07. In a nn-clninicnl switch or Slfll'lill systcm, a switch, :1'mcchzinical lovcr for o'pcrult 1 rcct thrust lock for said link, incanslor oporziting the lock for rhc link and machinc interlocking for thelink lock opcrziting moans,

58. hi u nxcclninicnl switch or 'lllll for o 'icrating thc s-Linic, itlink and latch mechanism controlling the inorcnicnt of thc lover, adirect thrust lock for said link, niczins for operating the lock for thelink, and nmchine interlocking for thc. link lock spin-inking means. r

59. In an intcrlocking switch or Sll12tlSVS- tem, a power levercoinplctc, a switch or sicmil, operating nicclnmisin ll1i(l conncctiunsfor moving the same, track dctcctor and inclination looking, it powcrtypc lever complete of the samefdrni as the power lcvcr complete, amechanical switch or signal levor, and means for controlling themcchrrnical Yer according to the position. of the wwcr type lever.

60. In an intcrlocldn" witch or signal s tom, a power lever coinplctcwith connoctions, and the switch or signal, in conil inm tion with apower typo lcvcr. ii incclntniclil lever, 1r switch or signal andconnections Inc chanionlly controlled by the power ty pc lawn andinterlocking hetwccn the pnwcr and power type levers.

61. In an intcrlocliing switch. or signal sysicin, a power type.\j-ontrollingr lcvor, an interlocking machine conncctcd thorcwiih, and awimchnnica-l lever individual thcrcto and controlled thcrcby to cll'cctthc moveniont of tlic switch or signal rcsgccti'rcly.

G2. In an interlocking switch system, at

power type controlling lcv' r, machinev iniccloclnn conncclcdtin-*rr-vntli, n HIC-IlIZUlILHl switch lcvor, n lHCli thew-vim, cmcljioiis mt'wccn tho lock and thccontrolh l:- or

track circuit dctcclor Mill indir: directly controlling thrniovcincni'powcr ty pc lcvcr.

62% in an 'i'iltPllUClilh," switch or signal system, a controlling lcvcnimichinc interlocking conncctcd tlMlPVvllll, it llai('ll11ll(&lswitch-or sigrnul lcvcr individual to the controlling lover, a lock forthc nnw-hn-nical lover, and a conncctiun betw'cmi lhc loci: and thecontrollinglever.

[64. A mechanical interlocking switch or signal system comprising singlerncolmnicnl l l i l l l l i l l l i l l lc'vcr for throwing and locking-"ll(ll switch 1 lcvcis. tom, :1 switch or signal. zimechanical lorcr(5:3. in an intcrlocliiw' switch r sic'nul syslom, two switclws o'rsignals :r rirclnuiirul lovcr rind connocli ns l'or orcrntinc; cm' iswitch or signal, :in individual romrolhng lcx'cr for cnchnicclnuii-"zal lcrciy and inlcrl0('l(l3 i1llOtWOiI] thc controllinglcrcis.

Fall. in an llllklluk'llll'lg switch and sisrim a switch :i signallhcniior, :i mcclnmical lcrcr for thc switch an individual\"Klllll'OllillQ lcrcr for thonwclninicsil law-c1", 1 signal lcvcr andintcrlockin l cl\\ccii thc conlrollinr; lcrcr and signal l; vcr.

137. in an ll'llvl'l i;'l\lnfjf switch and signal, it switch, it signal.:1- mcclmnical lcrcr lor ca ch a controlling lcvcr and incchnniczil lock{or caich nicclninicnl lc'rcr mid inlca loching' liclwccn thecontrolling l-srcrs.

(32%. in switch o rcrriiing' nicchiinis n, :1v incclnuihnl switchihrowinglcrcr, :i 1i trolling lcvcr of powcr txpn thcrclor, :rndmcchnnical lorlii-hc' hclwwn lhc lwo lcrcr 6? in an lilltl'llHlilllllswllcli and signal stom, :i switch. a inwhnnicnl lcvcr and ('ull- 'nc..-ti -ns ll).$()1 lillilif llic switch, :1 controllint: lcvcr lor tlimcclninicnl lcrcr, truck cii-- cuit dctcc 'oi' locking and indiculionlocleinc lcrur and connccti-ms in! (){Mi'llllllj lhc s rnzil, clccl'rlcloci-um" l'or (hc powcr lcwr rind inlcrlochni lictrccn tho powcr lcrgrand com rolling lcvcr:

70. in an inlcrlocldirr swim-h and signal srstcin, a inccluinicnl switchlcvcr, :1 conlruh ling); lcxcr for said switch lower. a. signal lmcr,track dctccl'ormhl ilhli'xailinli locking l'or said controlling icrcnclc lricul incl-Ling l'or tho signal lcvcr and inlcrlorl-zingr hctwccnlho two lQYllS.

'71. ln rm in (I'llll'lxlllfi signal s -uslcm, l\\'u signals :l gl-o'wcrintcrlochinc' lcrcr complctc for onc signal, ininiziturc iniorloching'thcrcfor, and :1 mc-Jlmniczrl lcrcr :tnd conncctions for the othcrsignal using thc snmc miniaturo lllllllJ-nfllillifl'.

' ERNEST li. PUST. \lilncsscs:

\sn. (in nit \l'mnnnsicm. l? A. N EW'LON;

Jon

